Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed skin. Affecting over 30 million Americans, eczema has prompted extensive research into treatments that can soothe its symptoms and improve the quality of life for those afflicted. While traditional treatments include corticosteroids and moisturizers, a growing body of evidence suggests that functional mushrooms, revered for their medicinal properties, may offer a natural and effective alternative for managing eczema. This article explores what functional mushrooms are, how they can help with eczema relief, the most effective mushrooms for this condition, supporting research, usage recommendations, and potential side effects.

What are functional mushrooms?

Functional mushrooms, also known as medicinal mushrooms, are a subset of fungi that have bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. Unlike culinary mushrooms, which are eaten for their taste and nutritional value, functional mushrooms are prized for their therapeutic properties, which have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. These mushrooms contain a variety of bioactive compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating effects.

How can functional mushrooms help with eczema relief?

Eczema is an inflammatory skin condition that often results from an overactive immune system, leading to dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Functional mushrooms, with their rich composition of bioactive compounds, can help manage these symptoms by modulating the immune response and reducing inflammation.

Carolina Goncalves, the Superintendent Pharmacist at Pharmica, described how the compounds that functional mushrooms contain help the skin: “Functional mushrooms contain compounds such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and polyphenols that can help protect the skin.”

Polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans, activate immune cells like Langerhans cells and macrophages, enhancing the skin’s barrier and reducing infections. Triterpenoids reduce inflammation by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, helping to prevent and relieve eczema. And polyphenols, with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, neutralize free radicals and reduce immune overreaction, which soothes the skin and prevents eczema flare-ups.

Dr. Hannah Kopelman, a dermatologist at Kopelman Aesthetic Surgery, adds, “Functional mushrooms such as Reishi, Chaga, and Cordyceps are rich in bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. These properties are beneficial for reducing the inflammation and immune dysregulation often seen in eczema.”

Which specific mushrooms are most effective for eczema?

Several functional mushrooms have been identified as particularly effective in managing eczema symptoms due to their unique bioactive compounds:

  • Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum): Known for its potent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, Reishi mushroom has been used to improve skin hydration and reduce the severity of eczema flare-ups. Reishi extracts contain polysaccharides and ganoderic acids, which are responsible for their antioxidant effects. These compounds help in wound healing, reducing infections, and alleviating inflammation associated with atopic dermatitis.
  • Chaga (Inonotus obliquus): Chaga is rich in antioxidants, particularly polyphenols, which protect the skin from oxidative stress and environmental damage, both common triggers for eczema. Chaga also contains beta-glucans, which enhance the immune response and improve skin resilience against irritants, making it effective in reducing inflammation and supporting skin repair.
  • Tremella (Tremella fuciformis): Also known as Snow Fungus, Tremella is celebrated for its hydrating and antioxidant properties. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve skin health by promoting wound healing and reducing inflammation. Tremella is particularly effective in treating eczema as it improves the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis, with research showing that both topical and oral applications of Tremella can significantly enhance skin hydration and reduce inflammation.
  • Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis): This mushroom is known for its ability to enhance skin hydration and improve elasticity. By maintaining better skin hydration, Cordyceps can help prevent the dryness and cracking often seen in eczema-prone skin. Its anti-inflammatory properties also contribute to reducing the severity of eczema flare-ups.

Are there any studies or research supporting the use of mushrooms for skin health?

Research into the dermatological benefits of functional mushrooms has been growing, with several studies highlighting their potential in treating skin conditions like eczema. A review in the Journal of Food Biochemistry consolidated existing knowledge on the effectiveness of mushroom-derived bioactives in treating skin disorders. The review emphasized the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of mushrooms like Reishi, Chaga, and Tremella, which contribute to their ability to manage skin ailments such as eczema.

Another study published by the National Library of Medicine explored the use of Reishi in treating skin diseases, including eczema, and suggested that it could even be used to alleviate negative effects of radiation and chemotherapy, preventing intestinal injury, nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and other side effects.

A study on Tremella fuciformis demonstrated its efficacy in treating atopic dermatitis by improving skin hydration and enhancing the skin barrier function. The study concluded that Tremella, both in topical and oral forms, showed significant improvement in eczema symptoms, particularly when used as part of a comprehensive skincare regimen.

How should functional mushrooms be used or consumed for eczema relief?

Functional mushrooms can be incorporated into a skincare routine or diet in various forms:

  • Oral supplements: Functional mushroom capsules or powders can be taken as dietary supplements. These can be added to beverages like coffee, tea, or smoothies, or taken directly with meals. It is essential to choose high-quality supplements that contain pure mushroom extracts without fillers to ensure maximum efficacy.
  • Topical applications: Many skincare products now incorporate functional mushroom extracts for direct application to the skin. These products, such as creams and serums, can be applied to affected areas to reduce inflammation, improve hydration, and support skin healing.
  • Dietary integration: Functional mushrooms can also be consumed as part of a regular diet. Incorporating mushrooms like Reishi, Chaga, and Tremella into meals or drinks can provide continuous support for skin health and overall well-being.

Are there any side effects or precautions to consider?

While functional mushrooms offer numerous benefits, it is important to be aware of potential side effects and precautions. Some individuals may experience digestive issues, such as bloating or stomach upset, when consuming functional mushrooms. Additionally, allergic reactions to certain types of mushrooms can occur, leading to symptoms such as hives or itching.

Dr. Hannah Kopelman advises that “it is crucial to choose products that are well-formulated and free from potential irritants,” especially considering that “more extensive clinical research is needed to confirm the efficacy of functional mushrooms in treating eczema.”

This is especially important for individuals with sensitive skin or those prone to allergic reactions. Consulting with a healthcare provider before incorporating functional mushrooms into your routine is recommended to ensure they do not interfere with existing treatments or conditions.

But functional mushrooms do represent a promising natural remedy for managing eczema, offering a wide range of regulatory properties that can alleviate symptoms and improve skin health. As more research unfolds, functional mushrooms may become an increasingly popular and natural alternative for those seeking relief from eczema.