Coral tooth mushroom (Hericium coralloides) contains beta-glucans at 29.3–31.6 g/100 g dry weight and carbohydrates up to ~81%, alongside neuroactive compounds like erinacines and hericenes. Preclinical models showed 2–2.5× increases in neurite growth and improved memory and learning with doses around 50–500 mg/kg, linked to higher NGF and BDNF levels. These compounds also reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, supporting brain function and immune resilience.