Polysaccharides from lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) support immunity, gut health, and antioxidant protection, but their benefits depend on how they’re extracted and shaped. Different methods create different sizes and structures of these natural sugars, and the body reacts to each type differently. Larger, branched polysaccharides are better at activating immune defenses, while smaller ones are stronger at reducing oxidative stress and protecting cells. These structural differences also influence how well lion’s mane can support healthy blood sugar, lower lipids, and soothe the gut, which is why extraction quality matters for real-world effects.