Entomopathogenic fungi infect insects through their outer body or digestive tract, then use enzymes and toxins to kill pests with less environmental damage than conventional chemical pesticides. New approaches pair these fungi with botanicals, natural enemies, nanotechnology, and improved formulations, with some combinations reaching up to 99% mortality in fall armyworm larvae under semi-field conditions. The big practical win is lower pesticide dependence, but field stability, cost, storage, and farmer adoption still limit widespread use.