The straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) was successfully cultivated on oil palm waste, boosting yields, income, and waste reuse in a community-based program. Using empty oil palm fruit bunches as a growing medium and a simple fermentation process, growers increased biological efficiency from about 4.1% to 7.7%, nearly doubling productivity, while 78% of participants learned to turn spent mushroom substrate into saleable organic compost.